AGREEMENT-Tugas softskill ketiga

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Agreement

Kelompok III

• AZIZIAH
• WENY APRIYANTI
• ANITA TRI SOFIANTI
• VENNY ISLAMITA

4EA20

FAKULTAS EKONOMI MANAJEMEN

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

2016

1. Affirmative & Negative Agreement
Pengertian dan Fungsi Elliptical Constructions
Elliptical Constructions adalah susunan kalimat yang bisa digunakan untuk mengindikasikan/ menunjukkan bahwa seseorang, benda atau binatang melakukan/ tidak melakukan sesuatu, dan kemudian menambahkan (seseorang, benda atau binatang) lainnya juga mengalami hal yang sama. Fungsi dari Elliptical Constructions adalah untuk menghindari pengulangan kata yang tidak dibutuhkan (tidak penting) dalam suatu kalimat. Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini:

Contoh Kalimat Elliptical Constructions
I am happy and you are too.
(Saya senang dan kamu juga)

They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.
(Mereka akan bekerja di laboratorium besok, dan kamu juga)

I didn’t go to school this morning, and John didn’t either.
(Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah pagi ini, dan John juga tidak)

I didn’t go to school this morning, and neither did John.
(Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah pagi ini, dan John juga tidak)
Berdasarkan contoh kalimat di atas, semoga bisa di pahami mengenai penggunaan dari elliptical constructions ini. Pada contoh kalimat pertama, untuk menghindari pengulangan kata dimana ada 2 orang yang merasa bahagia “happy”, maka kita menggunakan elliptical constructions untuk menghindari pengulangan tersebut dengan menggunakan kata “too”. Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk contoh kalimat lainnya.

Bentuk Dari Elliptical Constructions

1. Affirmative Agreement
2. Negative Agreement

Affirmative Agreement
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so” atau“too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:

Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and +
Subject + to be + too
So + to be + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.
I am sick, and He is too.
Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
My hand writing is bad, and so are you.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

Affirmative statement + and +  (auxiliary verb)
Subject + auxiliary verb only + too
So + auxiliary verb only + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
They will go at noon, and she will too.
He has an early appointment, and so have I.
They have written their lyrics, and so have we.
Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.
I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tenses nya harus sama. Contohnya:

We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.
Contoh kalimat lainnya :
John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too = John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we
I will be in New Mexico in August, and they will too = I will be in New Mexico in August, and so will they.
He has seen her plays, and the girls have too = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.
We are going to the movies tonight, and Suzy is too = We are going to the movies tonight, and so is Suzy
She will wear a costume to the party, and we will too = She will wear a contume to the party, and so will we


Affirmative statement + and +
(single verb except ”to be”)
Subject + (do, does, did) + too
So + (do, does, did) + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.
Mark sung “moments” and so did Kevin.
We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

2. Negative Agreement

“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja). Contohnya:

I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and +
Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.
We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.
You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.
Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1. My roommate won’t go, and neither will I
2. My roommate hasn’t gone, and neither have I
3. My roommate doesn’t go, and neither do I
4. My roommate isn’t going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata “not”, for example:

1. My roommate won’t go, and I won’t(will not) either
2. My roommate hasn’t gone, and I haven’t either
3. My roommate doesn’t go, and I don’t either
4. My roommate isn’t going, and I am not either

Contoh :
I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t see Bella this morning
I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward didn’t either.
I didn’t see Bella this morning and neither did Edward.
Contoh kalimat lainnya :

1. The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.
2. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.
3. I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.
4. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither did Tim.
5. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and neither could the Angels.
6. Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t either.
7. I’m not interested in reading that book, and neither is she.
8. They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t either.
9. I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t either.
10. Michael doesn’t speak English, and his family doesn’t either.

Tugas softskill-Tugas ke-2 (Narrative & pronoun)

Aziziah-11212319

4EA20

NARRATIVE & PRONOUN

NARRATIVE

Narrative Text adalah teks yang menceritakan sesuatu yang imajinatif atau sesuatu yang hanya khayalan belaka dan tujuannya hanya untuk menghibur pembaca.

1. Jenis-jenis Narrative Text 

            Narrative Text mempunyai inti cerita yang biasanya hanya berupa imajinasi penulis atau kejadian nyata yang ditangkap oleh penulis atau bahkan bisa gabungan keduanya. Dalam berbagai sumber Narrative Text dapat ditemui dalam bentuk :

a. fables (Cerita tentang binatang yang digambarkan berprilaku seperti manusia)

b. fairy stories (Cerita yang bersifat fantastik, penuh dengan keajaiban)

c. mysteries

d. science fiction

e. romances

f. horror stories

g. legends

h. historical narratives

i. personal experience (pengalaman pribadi yang ditulis)

j. ballads (balada, kisah yang bisa mengharukan pembaca, biasanya berupa cerita cinta yang tak sampai)

2. Generic Structure Narrative Text

Pada Narrative Text, susunannya adalah sebagai berikut :

a. Orientation

Yaitu pengenalan yang berupa : cerita tentang apa (what is the story about), siapa pelaku dalam cerita itu (who is the participant), dimana cerita itu terjadi (where is the place setting) dan kapan cerita itu terjadi (when is the time setting).

b. Complication atau Problem

Yaitu pada paragraf ini yang menjadi inti dari narrative text. Tanpa ada permasalahan, text ini hanyalah berupa paparan peristiwa satu yang diikuti dengan peristiwa yang lain. Masalah yang timbul dapat dibedakan menjadi :

- Natural Conflict

Yaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena pelaku cerita berhadapan dengan kekuatan alam.

- Social Conflict

Yaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena para pelaku itu saling berhadapan. Mereka bertemu pada waktu yang sama dengan berbeda kepentingan.

- Psychological Conflict

Yaitu Permasalahan yang timbul ketika pelaku cerita itu berhadapan dengan dirinya sendiri. Pertentangan antara nilai baik dan buruk, antara sifat rakus dan tenggang rasa.
c. Resolution Yaitu masalah dapat diatasi. Dalam Narrative text, setiap permasalahan yang muncul harus ada penyelesaiannya, bisa ditutup dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happy ending) atau tidak sedikit berakhir tragis, menyedihkan (sad ending).
d. Re-Orientation  Hanya untuk Optional .

3. Ciri Kebahasaan Narrative Text

a. Menggunakan pola kalimat Simple Past Tense b. Biasanya dimulai dengan kata keterangan waktu (Adverbs of Time) . 

    Seperti : long time ago..., once, one, once upon a time.

PRONOUN

1. Personal Pronoun (kata ganti orang)

            Personal pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan pada orang atau penamaan. Kata ganti orang ini digunakan sebagai subjek dan objek. Tabel di bawah ini menyenaraikan penggunaan tersebut.

Subjek	Objek	Arti
I You She He It We They	Me You Her Him It Us Them	Saya, aku Kamu, Anda, kalian Dia (perempuan) Dia (laki-laki) Dia, itu, -nya Kita, kami Mereka

Contoh kalimatnya:

Ø  Three days ago I met Ariel. Yesterday I met him again. [Tiga hari yang lalu saya bertemu Ariel. Kemarin saya bertemu dia lagi.]

Ø  My sister bought a new handphone. She loves it very much. [Saudara perempuan saya membeli sebuah handphone baru. Dia sangat menyukainya.]

Ø  Sule borrowed three books from the library. He must return them in two days. [Sule meminjam tiga buku dari perpustakaan. Dia harus mengembalikannya dalam dua hari.]

2. Possessive Pronoun (kata ganti milik)

            Possessive pronoun adalah kata yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Ada dua bentuk possessive pronoun yaitu dependent (ditempatkan sebelum suatu kata benda) dan independent (ditempatkan setelah suatu kata kerja). Untuk lebih jelasnya, silakan Anda lihat tabel di bawah ini.

Dependent	Independent
My Your His Her Its Our Their	Mine Your His Hers Its Ours Theirs

Contohnya:

*  This is my book. The book is mine. [Ini buku saya. Buku ini punya saya]

* This house is theirs. [Rumah ini milik mereka.]

3. Reflexive Pronoun

            Reflexive pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk kegiatan untuk pelaku sendiri dalam kalimat bersangkutan, atau memberi penekanan pada unsur subjek atau objek. Kata ganti ini mendapat akhiran –self untuk bentuk tunggal, dan akhiran –selves untuk bentuk jamak.

Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.

Reflexive Pronoun	Arti
Myself Yourself/yourselves Themselves Ourselves Himself Herself Itself	Saya sendiri Kamu sendiri/kalian sendiri Mereka sendiri Kami sendiri Dia sendiri (laki-laki) Dia sendiri (perempuan) Dia sendiri (benda atau binatang)

Contoh kalimatnya:

Ø  She laughed at herself. [Dia menertawakan dirinya sendiri.]

Ø  He himself drives to school. [Dia sendiri yang menyetir ke sekolah.]

Ø  I myself open the door. [Saya sendiri yang membuka pintu itu.]

Ø  My father cooked this meal himself. [Ayah saya memasak makanannya sendiri.]

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

            Demonstrative pronoun merupakan kata ganti penunjuk berdasarkan kedekatan: dekat (this dan these) dan jauh (that dan those). Contoh kalimatnya sebagai berikut:

Ø  This is my mother, these are my sisters. [Ini ibu saya, ini adik-adik saya.]

Ø  That book is yours, those are mine. [Buku itu punyamu, itu punyaku.]

5. Interrogative Pronoun

            Interrogative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang mempertanyakan orang atau benda. Ini antara lain: who, whom (siapa), whose (punya siapa), why (mengapa), which (yang mana), dan what (apa). Contoh kalimatnya:

Ø  Who did you call? [Siapa yang kamu panggil?]

Ø  What did you order? [Apa yang kamu pesan?]

Ø  Why did you sell your cara? [Mengapa kamu jual mobilmu?]

6. Indefinite Pronoun

            Indefinite pronoun adalah kata ganti yang mengacu pada seseorang atau sesuatu yang dianggap tidak tentu, seperti: somebody (seseorang), something, anything (sesuatu), everyone (setiap orang), dan everything (segala sesuatu).

7. Relative Pronoun

            Relative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang merangkai suatu kata benda atau frasa kata benda dengan klausa penjelasnya, seperti who, whom, whose, which, dan that yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia menjadi kata yang.

Contoh kalimatnya:

Ø  I don’t like people who lose temper easily. [Saya tidak senang pada orang yang mudah naik pitam.]

Ø  Meong that I always feed everyday is my cat. [Meong yang saya beri makan setiap hari adalah kucing saya.]

Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (pembetulan)

Choose one which is wrong from the four choices

1.         She has finish working in the laboratories, and now she began to write the result of her experiment.

        A            B                                                                       C              D

Jawaban : A -> has finished (present perfect = has + Verb3)

2.         No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.

A                                             B           C                                    D

Jawaban : B -> if you had told (type 3) (past perfect)

3.         If Rudy would have studied German in college, he would have not found the scientific terminology

   A                                              B                                                             C

so  difficlut to undertand.

                       D

Jawaban : A -> had studied (type 3) (past perfect)

4.         Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in the laboratory practicing our pronunciation.

      A       B                                              C                    D

Jawaban : B -> to spend (to infinitive)

5.         Marry usually arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the strom, she was two hours late.

A                    B                                                       C                                                D

Jawaban : C -> because of (Phrase)

6.         The director felt badly about not giving Mary the position that she has sought with his company.

          A                      B                                              C                    D

Jawaban :  A -> Kata yang benar adalah bad, bukan badly

7.         The president went fishing after he has finished with the conference.

A                          B                     C                   D

Jawaban : D -> had finish

8.         Where do you live now? I live in Utah, my parents also do.

     A       B                                C                                    D

Jawaban : D -> my parents do

9.         After she had bought himself and automobile, she sholder bicycle.

  A                B                                         C              D

Jawaban : B -> her self

10.      The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submitting the proposal.

A                                             B                                   C                  D

Jawaban : D -> to submit (to infinitive)

11.      George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t either.

           A                                  B                    C                               D

Jawaban : C -> Karena sudah dinyatakan dengan hasn’t completed, jadi tidak perlu kata yet.

12.      After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book.

          A                     B               C           D

Jawaban : D -> read a book

13.      The manager has finished working on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other

          A                   B                 C                                                                              D

proposal.

Jawaban : A -> finished

14.      After take the medication, the patient became drowsy and more manageable.

     A                   B                                        C                                         D

Jawaban : A -> taking

15.      Because Sam and Jack had done all the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the result to Joana.

      A                                      B                                      C                                                     D

Jawaban : C -> themselves

16.      It was him who came running into the classroom with the news.

A           B       C                   D

Jawaban : B -> he

17.      If crisis would occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.

A                        B                            C                                                                    D

Jawaban : A -> occurred (type 2)

18.      Anybody who plans to attend the meeting ought send a short note to the chairperson.

A                B                                           C                                   D

Jawaban : C -> ought to send

19.      Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.

A                             B                                       C                               D

Jawaban : A -> the most (superlative)

20.      Despite his smiling face, the second-place contestant is more sadder than the winner.

    A                  B                                            C                                     D

Jawaban : D -> tidak memerlukan kata more

21.      It has been a long time since we have talked, isn’t it?

A                  B                C                                       D

Jawaban : D -> hasn’t it, karena kata diawal kalimat menggunakan it has

22.      He is the only candidate who the faculty members voted not to retain on the list of eligible replacement

            A                        B                                                              C                                       D

fot Professor Kate.

Jawaban : B -> whom